Peripheral Oedema and Foamy Urine

💻️ Webinar - Basics of AI for Medical Students

We’re hosting our first ever public webinar: 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗜 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀.

We’ll cover:

• What is AI? - the basics

• ​How AI ‘works’ - diving into what modern models do

• ​AI in medicine - the latest tech and what’s coming in clinical medicine

Details:

Date: Thursday 18th September

Time: 6-7pm BST

PS. The webinar is only open to medical students (from anywhere in the world).

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🗒️ Question

A 63 year old man with a 20 year history of type 2 diabetes presents to his GP with worsening leg swelling and fatigue. He reports foamy urine and notes his blood pressure has been high during recent home checks. His diabetic control has been suboptimal.

On examination, his blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg and there is bilateral pitting oedema to the mid-calves. There is no tenderness on abdominal or back examination.

Investigations

• Urinalysis: protein 3+, no blood

• eGFR: 50 mL/min/1.73 m² (>90)

• Serum creatinine: 120 µmol/L (60–110)

• Urine ACR: 85 mg/mmol (<3)

What is the most likely diagnosis?

(A) Acute kidney injury

(B) Chronic pyelonephritis

(C) Diabetic nephropathy

(D) Hypertensive nephrosclerosis

(E) Polycystic kidney disease